#1
小—、第—
Examples:
- 小高去哪儿了？ Where did Xiao Gao go?
- 今天我们学习第一课。 Today we study Lesson One.
HSK 1 HSK 3.0 Syllabus
HSK 1 Grammar Patterns
The official syllabus of 70 core grammar structures and syntactic patterns for HSK 1, complete with bilingual example sentences.
#2
—们、—边
Examples:
- 同学们，你们好！ Hello, classmates!
- 学校里边有超市。 There is a supermarket inside the school.
- 外边正在下雨呢。 It's raining outside.
- 电影院在医院的后边。 The cinema is behind the hospital.
#3
上、下、里、外、前、后
Examples:
- 桌子上有几本书？ How many books are on the table?
- 书店里的人很多。 There are many people in the bookstore.
- 他们都在国外。 They are all abroad.
#4
会、能
Examples:
- 我会说中文。 I can speak Chinese.
- 他不会开车。 He can't drive.
- 你明天能不能去？ Can you go tomorrow?
- 她生病了，不能来上课。 She is sick and can't come to class.
#5
想、要
Examples:
- 我想买一些水果。 I want to buy some fruit.
- 你想喝茶吗？ Would you like some tea?
- 他们要去书店。 They are going to the bookstore.
- 我要学习汉语。 I need to study Chinese.
#6
可以
Examples:
- 这儿不可以吃东西。 You can't eat here.
- 我可以问一个问题吗？ May I ask a question?
Examples:
- 他去医院看病了。 He went to the hospital to see a doctor.
- 我想睡一觉，休息一下（儿）。 I want to take a nap and rest a bit.
- 上课不要说话。 Don't talk in class.
- 今天我上中文课。 Today I have Chinese class.
- 我下了课要去食堂。 After class, I'm going to the cafeteria.
- 下了班你做什么？ What do you do after work?
- 她昨天生病了。 She got sick yesterday.
Examples:
- 你弟弟多大？ How old is your younger brother?
- 这件衣服多少钱？ How much is this piece of clothing?
- 现在几点？ What time is it now?
- 她是哪国人？ What nationality is she?
- 你去哪儿？ Where are you going?
- 你住在哪里？ Where do you live?
- 哪些是汉语书？ Which ones are Chinese books?
- 那是什么？ What is that?
- 那个人是谁？ Who is that person?
- 你怎么去学校？ How do you go to school?
- 明天天气怎么样？ How will the weather be tomorrow?
Examples:
- 我是学生。 I am a student.
- 你是哪国人？ What nationality are you?
- 老师，您好！ Hello, teacher!
- 他会开车吗？ Can he drive?
- 她是不是老师？ Is she a teacher?
- 我们都是大学生。 We are all college students.
- 你们是学生吗？ Are you students?
- 他们去哪儿了？ Where did they go?
- 她们都是我的朋友。 They are all my friends.
- 你看，它正在吃饭呢。 Look, it is eating right now.
- 这些小狗真漂亮，它们叫什么名字？ These puppies are really cute; what are their names?
- 大家都喜欢学习汉语。 Everyone likes learning Chinese.
Examples:
- 这是谁的书？ Whose book is this?
- 那个手机多少钱？ How much is that phone?
- 我在这儿学习中文。 I study Chinese here.
- 那儿有一家书店。 There is a bookstore over there.
- 这里是我的家。 This is my home.
- 那里有一家饭店。 There is a restaurant over there.
- 这些是老师的书。 These are the teacher's books.
- 我不认识那些人。 I don't know those people.
- 到了饭店，大家有的想吃米饭，有的想吃面条。 At the restaurant, some people want to eat rice, and some want noodles.
- 这个杯子多少钱？ How much is this cup?
- 她在那个房间。 She is in that room.
- 有些学生不在学校住。 Some students don't live at school.
Examples:
- 一个、两百、五十八、一百零六、两千三百五十、九点半、半个小时 one, two hundred, fifty-eight, one hundred and six, two thousand three hundred and fifty, half past nine, half an hour
Examples:
- 这本书是中文书。 This book is a Chinese book.
- 我吃了两个包子。 I ate two baozi.
- 前边有一家书店。 There is a bookstore ahead.
- 你家有几口人？ How many people are in your family?
- 我有十块钱。 I have ten yuan.
- 这只小猫真漂亮。 This kitten is really pretty.
- 这件衣服三百元。 This piece of clothing costs 300 yuan.
#13
借用名量词：杯
Examples:
- 喝杯茶吧。 Have a cup of tea.
#14
日、号、岁、点、分、年、天
Examples:
- 今天几月几日（号）？ What's the date today?
- 她今年几岁？ How old is she this year?
- 现在八点二十分。 It's 8:20 now.
- 一年有十二个月。 A year has twelve months.
- 你一天学习几个汉字？ How many Chinese characters do you study a day?
#15
非常、很、太、真、有（一）点儿
Examples:
- 我非常喜欢学中文。 I really like studying Chinese.
- 这里的水果很便宜。 The fruit here is very cheap.
- 房间里太热了。 It's too hot in the room.
- 这儿的菜真好吃。 The food here is really delicious.
- 今天天气有点儿冷。 It's a bit cold today.
#16
都1
Examples:
- 我们都学习汉语。 We all study Chinese.
- 他们都是中国学生。 They are all Chinese students.
#17
在、正在
Examples:
- 他们在做什么？ What are they doing?
- 学生们正在上课。 The students are having class.
#18
再1
Examples:
- 我想再买一本。 I want to buy one more.
- 我再问一个问题，可以吗？ Can I ask another question?
#19
还1、也
Examples:
- 我想吃面条儿，还想吃包子。 I want to eat noodles, and I also want to eat baozi.
- 我有两个姐姐，还有一个哥哥。 I have two older sisters, and I also have an older brother.
- 他是学生，我也是学生。 He is a student, and I am a student too.
- 我学习汉语，我弟弟也学习汉语。 I study Chinese, and my younger brother also studies Chinese.
#20
不、没（有）、不要
Examples:
- 她不是老师。 She is not a teacher.
- 我没看电视。 I didn't watch TV.
- 她去超市了，我没有去。 She went to the supermarket, but I didn't go.
- 请大家不要说话。 Please don't talk.
#21
在
Examples:
- 我想在中国工作。 I want to work in China.
- 你在哪儿学习中文？ Where are you studying Chinese?
#22
和1、对
Examples:
- 我没和她一起去超市。 I didn't go to the supermarket with her.
- 我对老师说“谢谢”。 I said 'thank you' to the teacher.
#23
和2
Examples:
- 我和姐姐都喜欢唱歌。 My sister and I both like singing.
- 今天和明天都下雨。 It rains both today and tomorrow.
#24
的1
Examples:
- 这是你的手机吗？ Is this your phone?
- 她是我的好朋友。 She is my good friend.
#25
了1
Examples:
- 今天我们学了十个汉字。 Today we learned ten Chinese characters.
- 我买了一些苹果。 I bought some apples.
Examples:
- 我们走吧。 Let's go.
- 八点了，起床吧。 It's already 8 o'clock, get up.
- 她病了，在家休息呢。 She is sick and resting at home.
- 他是中国人吗？ Is he Chinese?
- 这个电影好看吗？ Is this movie good?
- 她正在学习呢1。 She is studying.
- 我是中国人，你呢2？ I'm Chinese. How about you?
- A：你的手机呢3？ A: Where is your phone?
- B：我的手机在房间里。 B: My phone is in the room.
#27
喂
Examples:
- 喂，请问，李老师在吗？ Hello, excuse me, is Teacher Li there?
- 喂，你去哪儿？ Hey, where are you going?
#28
联合短语
Examples:
- 哥哥姐姐、今天和明天、有没有 older brother and older sister, today and tomorrow, have or not have
#29
偏正短语
Examples:
- 好朋友、我的书包、很喜欢 good friend, my schoolbag, really like
#30
动宾短语
Examples:
- 买东西、回学校、去公司 buy things, return to school, go to the company
#31
主谓短语
Examples:
- 我们学习 We study.
- 孩子高兴 The child is happy.
- 房间很大 The room is very big.
#32
数量短语
Examples:
- 一杯 one cup
- 两个 two
#33
介宾短语
Examples:
- 在学校（学习） study at school
- 对老师（说） say to the teacher
- 和朋友（说汉语） speak Chinese with friends
#34
方位短语
Examples:
- 桌子上 on the table
- 饭店里 in the restaurant
- 椅子下边 under the chair
#35
名词、代词或名词性短语作主语
Examples:
- 电影很好看。 The movie is very good.
- 她是老师。 She is a teacher.
- 这本书多少钱？ How much is this book?
#36
名词、代词、数词或数量短语作谓语
Examples:
- 明天星期三。 Tomorrow is Wednesday.
- 那个饭店怎么样？ How is that restaurant?
- 我今年十二，我哥哥十五。 I'm twelve this year, and my older brother is fifteen.
- 这本书二十八块。 This book is twenty-eight yuan.
#37
动词或动词性短语、形容词或形容词性短语作谓语
Examples:
- 老师来了。 The teacher has come.
- 哥哥去学校了。 My older brother has gone to school.
- 我的房间不大。 My room is not big.
- 这个菜很好吃。 This dish is very tasty.
#38
名词、代词或名词性短语作宾语
Examples:
- 我喝茶。 I drink tea.
- 明天我去找你。 Tomorrow I will go find you.
- 我吃了二十个饺子。 I ate twenty dumplings.
#39
名词性词语、形容词性短语、数量短语作定语
Examples:
- 她不会唱中文歌。 She can't sing Chinese songs.
- 我的中文老师是中国人。 My Chinese teacher is Chinese.
- 我想买便宜的手机。 I want to buy a cheap phone.
- 桌子下边有一只小狗。 There is a small dog under the table.
#40
副词、形容词作状语 表示时间、处所的词语作状语
Examples:
- 他们都是中国学生。 They are all Chinese students.
- 你多吃一点儿。 Eat a bit more.
- 我们十二点下课。 We finish class at twelve.
- 我妈妈在医院工作。 My mother works at the hospital.
#41
动词+动量补语
Examples:
- 休息一下吧。 Take a break.
- 请问一下，医院在哪儿？ Excuse me, where is the hospital?
- 我想看一下那件衣服。 I'd like to take a look at that dress.
- 请写一下你的名字。 Please write your name.
#42
主谓句1：动词谓语句
Examples:
- 我买了一个面包。 I bought a bread.
- 他今天不休息。 He is not resting today.
#43
主谓句2：形容词谓语句
Examples:
- 今天天气很热。 It's very hot today.
- 你女儿真漂亮！ Your daughter is really pretty!
#44
主谓句3：名词谓语句
Examples:
- 今天星期一。 Today is Monday.
- 现在十二点半。 It's twelve thirty now.
#45
非主谓句
Examples:
- 对不起！ Sorry!
- 下雨了。 It's raining.
#46
Examples:
- 她是我的朋友。 She is my friend.
- 我不想吃面条儿。 I don't want to eat noodles.
#47
是非问句
Examples:
- 他是中国人吗？ Is he Chinese?
#48
特指问句
Examples:
- 他是哪国人？ What nationality is he?
#49
正反问句
Examples:
- 你想不想学中文？ Do you want to study Chinese or not?
- 你吃没吃晚饭？ Have you eaten dinner or not?
- 同学们都来了没有？ Have all the classmates come or not?
- 今天冷不冷？ Is it cold today or not?
#50
Examples:
- 您请坐。 Please have a seat.
- 走吧！ Let's go!
- 请大家不要说话！ Everyone, please don't talk!
#51
Examples:
- 今天真冷啊！ It's really cold today!
- 太贵了！ That's too expensive!
#52
表示等同或类属
Examples:
- 我哥哥是大学生。 My older brother is a college student.
#53
表示领有
Examples:
- 我有哥哥，没有姐姐。 I have an older brother, but I don't have an older sister.
#54
所处+是+名词
Examples:
- 前边是不是电影院？ Is the cinema ahead?
- 超市后边是一家饭店。 Behind the supermarket is a restaurant.
#55
处所+有+数量短语+名词
Examples:
- 学校外边有一家书店。 There is a bookstore outside the school.
- 桌子上有一本中文书。 There is a Chinese book on the table.
#56
前后动作先后发生，后一动作是前一动作的目的
Examples:
- 我来中国学汉语。 I came to China to study Chinese.
- 晚上我们去电影院看电影。 In the evening, we're going to the cinema to watch a movie.
#57
前一动作是后一动作的方式
Examples:
- 我坐飞机去上海。 I'm flying to Shanghai.
- 爸爸每天开车上班。 My dad drives to work every day.
#58
主语+动词+宾语1+宾语2
Examples:
- 老师给我一本书。 The teacher gave me a book.
- 我问你一个问题。 I'll ask you a question.
#59
Examples:
- 这是我哥哥，他学习中文。 This is my older brother; he studies Chinese.
- 我有一个姐姐，没有妹妹。 I have an older sister, but no younger sister.
- 她今天生病了，不能上课。 She's sick today, so she can't attend class.
- 上午去，下午去？你说。 Should we go in the morning or in the afternoon? You decide.
#60
……，也……
Examples:
- 我喜欢唱歌，我弟弟也喜欢唱歌。 I like singing, and my younger brother also likes singing.
- 这家饭店的饺子很好吃，也很便宜。 The dumplings at this restaurant are delicious and also very cheap.
#61
……，还……
Examples:
- 这个房间很大，还很漂亮。 This room is big, and it's also beautiful.
- 我会说英语，还会说汉语。 I can speak English, and I can also speak Chinese.
#62
用动态助词“了1”表示
Examples:
- 你学了多少个汉字？ How many Chinese characters have you learned?
- 我买了一些苹果。 I bought some apples.
#63
用语气助词“了2”表示
Examples:
- 八点了，起床吧。 It's eight o'clock, time to get up.
- 她病了，在家休息呢。 She is sick and resting at home.
#64
……在/正在+动词
Examples:
- 同学们在/正在上课。 The students are having class.
#65
……在/正在+动词……+呢
Examples:
- 王老师在/正在打电话呢。 Teacher Wang is on the phone.
#66
……呢
Examples:
- 我没看电视，学习呢。 I'm not watching TV; I'm studying.
#67
钱数表示法
Examples:
- 这本书二十四块（钱）。 This book is twenty-four yuan.
- 包子三块（钱）一个。 The buns are three yuan each.
#68
序数表达法1：第+数词
Examples:
- 今天我们学习第六课。 Today we study Lesson Six.
- 第一本是我的书，第二本是她的书。 The first book is mine, and the second one is hers.
#69
年、月、日、星期表示法
Examples:
- 2022年2月4日 February 4, 2022
- 九月十五号、五月一日 September 15th, May 1st
- 星期一、星期二、星期三、星期四、星期五、星期六、星期日/星期天 Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
#70
钟点表示法
Examples:
- 两点、七点零五、九点二十（分）、十点半 Two o'clock, seven oh five, nine twenty, ten thirty