不

bù adv.

Negation of an action, quality, or state. Not; no — the standard negator before verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Your personal 'no' button: refusal, habit, and present denial.

不 is your personal will saying 'no'. You use it to decline an offer (我不吃), state a rule or habit (他不喝咖啡), or describe a quality (不冷). If an action didn't happen in the past, Chinese grabs 没 instead.

Common Usage & Traps

  • 不是 (bú shì) — is not
  • 不知道 (bù zhīdào) — don't know
  • 不客气 (bú kèqi) — you are welcome
  • 不行 (bù xíng) — won't do, not allowed
  • 不冷 (bù lěng) — not cold
  • 我昨天不去 我昨天没去

    Use 没 for events that didn't happen in the past. 不去 means you refuse to go.

  • 我不有钱 我没有钱

    有 never accepts 不. Always negate 有 with 没 or 没有.

What is the real difference between 我不去 and 我没去?

我不去 means 'I won't go' (your choice); 我没去 means 'I didn't go' (past fact).

不 lives in the present and future as your personal choice or habit. When you say 我不去, you are deciding not to go. 没 looks backward at history to report that an action never took place. If someone asks why you missed the party yesterday, saying 我不去 sounds like 'I refuse to go', while 我没去 means 'I didn't go'.
Situation / MeaningNaturalAvoid
Refusing right now / future我不去。(I won't go)我没去。(means didn't go yet)
Reporting past event我昨天没去。(I didn't go yesterday)我昨天不去。(broken for past)
Habitual diet我不吃肉。(I don't eat meat)我没吃肉。(I haven't eaten meat today)

Why is 不 sometimes pronounced bú with a rising tone?

不 flips from 4th tone (bù) to 2nd tone (bú) right before another 4th tone word.

Chinese dislikes two harsh dropping tones colliding back-to-back. When 不 (naturally 4th tone, bù) stands in front of another 4th tone word like 是 (shì), 对 (duì), or 去 (qù), it automatically bounces up to 2nd tone (bú). So you say bú shì and bú kèqi smoothly. Before 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tones, it stays firmly bù: bù hē, bù lái, bù hǎo.
Following TonePronunciationNatural ExamplesAvoid
Before 4th tonebú (rising)不是 (bú shì), 不客气 (bú kèqi)bù shì (too choppy)
Before 1st tonebù (falling)不吃 (bù chī), 不多 (bù duō)bú chī
Before 3rd tonebù (falling)不好 (bù hǎo), 不冷 (bù lěng)bú hǎo

Why do Chinese speakers ask 好不好 instead of 好吗?

好不好 gives both options (good or not good?), sounding softer and more natural.

The 'A-not-A' pattern (Verb + 不 + Verb, or Adjective + 不 + Adjective) is the favorite way native speakers ask questions in casual speech. Instead of attaching 吗 at the end, they present the positive and negative options side-by-side: 去不去? (going or not?), 贵不贵? (expensive or not?). It invites an immediate, honest reaction.
StructureNatural Casual StyleFormal / Textbook Style
Asking about quality贵不贵?(Expensive or not?)贵吗?
Asking about action去不去?(Going or not?)去吗?
Checking agreement好不好?(Okay?)好吗?

Appears in Stories 25 stories

Real context sentences across different daily scenarios and graded readings.

《电脑没脑子》 (Computers Have No Brains) HSK 1
~1 min read 76 chars
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This playful poem will make you smile as you explore how Chinese words like 'computer' and 'phone' can be funnier than they seem. Get ready to enjoy simple HSK 1 vocabulary and a twist of logic!

  • 学生上学校,医生 不 上学。

  • 下雨 不 “上雨”,下雪没“上雪”。

《一家人》 (A Family of Six: Little Bao and His Green-Eyed Kids) HSK 2
~4 min read 256 chars
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This simple HSK 2 story introduces a warm family of six. Follow Little Bao and his British wife as they raise their two green-eyed children, each with their own personality.

  • 她最喜欢画自己的家人,但是她 不 喜欢和弟弟一起画画儿。

  • 弟弟太小,也 不 喜欢画画儿,一会儿跳上跳下,一会儿跑来跑去。

《森林大火》 (Forest Fires and a Homesick Heart) HSK 4
~4 min read 454 chars
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Follow Xiao Li as he copes with the effects of forest fires near his home in the US and reflects on environmental changes. A thoughtful story for HSK 4 learners.

  • 小李想,要是天气还这么热,还 不 下雨,整个森林都要烧没了。

  • 他今天早上出门,几乎看 不 清楚前面的路。

《一二三 住医院》 (Hospital Days, Pricey Plates) HSK 1
~2 min read 107 chars
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Follow a traveler's unexpected hospital stay in China, where counting days and costs becomes practical learning. Practice numbers, dates, food prices, and simple descriptions of a doctor and room.

  • 看病非常贵,吃饭 不 便宜。

  • 什么都要钱,还都 不 好吃。

《热面条》 (Hot Noodles on a Cold Night) HSK 1
~5 min read 399 chars
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Follow Dazhong, a busy worker in China, as he finds warmth and kindness at a small noodle shop. Practice everyday words for food, weather, and expressing gratitude.

  • 今天雨太大,我想你还没吃晚饭,我在这儿看你来 不 来。”

  • 大中吃了热热的面条,觉得今天晚上一点儿也 不 冷了。

《小时怎么小?》 (The Small Hour Riddle) HSK 1
~1 min read 57 chars
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This playful HSK 1 poem twists words you already know and asks how an hour can be small. Read it aloud and laugh; a fun way to practice Chinese.

  • 高兴高 不 高,不对对不起。

  • 小猫小的猫,小狗小的狗,小学 不 很小,小时怎么小?

《饥饿的深意》 (The Hidden Meaning of Hunger) HSK 7
~11 min read 1243 chars
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Why would a millionaire leave a table of lobster and wagyu untouched? This story explores the hidden rules of business dining and the true cost of staying alert.

  • 他说, 不 撑怎么办,底下三百多个人等着发工资。

  • 他说我 不 吃这个。

《你误会方便面了吗?》 (Are Instant Noodles Misunderstood?) HSK 6
~10 min read 1171 chars
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Think instant noodles are unhealthy? This HSK 6 article challenges common myths and reveals surprising facts about nutrition, oil, and salt in this convenient food.

  • 就是说方便面里面基本没有水,所以就算在里面什么“东西”也 不 加,它也不会长毛变坏。

  • 误会四:方便面咸关于盐,说实话,方便面里面的盐并 不 多,含盐率仅为1.6%至2%。

《这还是茶馆儿吗?》 (Teahouse or Cinema?) HSK 3
~3 min read 325 chars
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Ever wondered where old Beijing's tea-drinking culture has gone? Follow a visitor discovering why locals now avoid famous tea houses—and practice expressing surprise and comparisons in Chinese along the way.

  • 他说,现在喜欢去茶馆喝茶的老北京 不 很多了。

  • 因为他们 不 喜欢现在的茶馆。

《大学者和小人物》 (The Scholar and the Cookie Seller) HSK 5
~8 min read 882 chars
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Discover how a simple letter from a cookie seller led to an unexpected friendship with a famous scholar. This heartwarming story explores kindness and connection across social divides.

  • 他比较支持美国,但理论上说 不 明白,一直得不到满意的解释。

  • 胡之适说,他喜欢游泳,可是鼻子里长了一个东西,水中呼吸 不 方便。

《哪里哪里!》 (Where is 'Where'?) HSK 1
~6 min read 432 chars
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Chat about where friends study Chinese while exploring 哪儿 and 哪里 across Beijing and Shanghai. Practice asking “where”, talking about “here” and “there”, and using the modest reply 哪里哪里 to accept a compliment.

  • 我觉得老上海人喜欢说“这里”、“那里”和“哪里”, 不 喜欢说“……

《吃的东西和喝的东西》 (Buying Food and Drinks) HSK 1
~4 min read 305 chars
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This is a short dialogue about a shopping trip. A woman buys many things, including food, drinks, furniture, and pet food, while her boyfriend reminds her not to overspend.

  • 我很 不 高兴:“我也在给你买东西。

  • 那些桌子、椅子什么的,这个星期都便宜了,都 不 贵。”

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