都

dōu adv.

A walled capital where people and goods all gather together. All; both; every member of a group without exception.

The sweeping blanket: gathering every single member to share the action.

Think of 都 as an inclusive blanket. It looks back at the group of people or things just mentioned (学生, 这些苹果, 我们), sweeps them all together, and stamps the following action as 100% true for all of them.

Common Usage & Traps

  • 我们都 (wǒmen dōu) — all of us
  • 都是 (dōu shì) — all are
  • 天天都 (tiāntiān dōu) — every single day without exception
  • 都不 (dōu bù) — none of them, not any
  • 不都 (bù dōu) — not all of them (partial negation)
  • 都我们很高兴 我们都很高兴

    都 is an helper word that gathers words to its LEFT. It cannot sit before the subject.

  • 都是好人 (when talking about one person) 他是好人

    都 requires a plural group or multiple occurrences. It cannot modify a single individual.

Why can't 都 start a sentence like 'All of us' in English?

都 is an helper word; it must sit right before the verb and summarize what comes to its left.

In English, 'All' loves to lead: 'All of us are happy', 'All students go to school'. But in Chinese, 都 is strictly an helper word that modifies the verb from within the sentence main description. It acts like a rearview mirror—it looks back at the plural group on its left and applies the action to all of them: 我们都很高兴, 学生都上学.
English ThoughtNatural Chinese (Subject + 都 + Verb)English Mirror Trap (都 First)
All of us are happy我们都很高兴。都我们很高兴。
All students go to school学生都上学。都学生上学。
These are all Chinese apples这些都是中国苹果。都是这些中国苹果。

What is the life-or-death difference between 不都 and 都不?

不都 = Not all (some are, some aren't); 都不 = None (100% no).

Whichever word comes first controls the meaning: 1. When 不 comes first (不都), the negation targets the 'all': 不都是中国苹果 means 'Not all of them are Chinese apples (some are, some aren't)'. 2. When 都 comes first (都不), the scope covers the 'no': 他们都不来 means 'None of them are coming (zero people)'. Flipping these two characters flips partial agreement into absolute rejection.
OrderMeaningNatural ExampleTranslation
不 + 都Not all (Partial negation)他们不都去。Not all of them are going (some are).
都 + 不None / Not any (Total negation)他们都不去。None of them are going (nobody).

Why is 都 sometimes read dū instead of dōu?

When meaning 'all', it is always dōu. When meaning 'capital city' (首都), it is dū.

This character wears two completely different hats: 1. In daily speech as the helper word 'all' or 'both', it is always pronounced dōu: 我们都 (wǒmen dōu), 都是 (dōu shì). 2. In formal geography meaning a metropolis or capital city, it is pronounced dū: 首都 (shǒudū, capital city), 成都 (Chéngdū). At HSK 1, 99% of the time you will speak and hear dōu.
PronunciationMeaningCommon Words
dōu (1st tone)all, both, entirely我们都, 都是, 都不
dū (1st tone)capital, metropolis首都 (capital), 成都 (Chengdu)

Appears in Stories 27 stories

Real context sentences across different daily scenarios and graded readings.

《星期七》 (The Week Without Seven) HSK 1
~2 min read 82 chars
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Before you read, try clapping the rhythm. This poem introduces the days of the week and a fun secret: Chinese has two names for Sunday, but no 'Week Seven'!

  • 星期天,星期日,两个名字 都 可以。

《你喜欢看老电影吗?》 (Do You Like Old Movies?) HSK 2
~3 min read 224 chars
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In this dialogue, two people chat while waiting outside a cinema. You'll hear common phrases for talking about hobbies, sports, and movie preferences.

  • B:因为我不喜欢运动,所以这两个我 都 不喜欢。

  • 最近我每周 都 游两三次,但看电影是我最大的爱好!

《我们一家》 (A Family Dinner at the Restaurant) HSK 2
~6 min read 401 chars
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In this warm dialogue, a parent introduces their family at a restaurant. A teacher gently corrects common mistakes about family words and names, making it perfect for HSK 2 learners.

  • 他姓钱,我们 都 喜欢叫他“老钱”,您可以叫他“小钱”。

  • 我的孩子们也 都 来了。

《森林大火》 (Forest Fires and a Homesick Heart) HSK 4
~4 min read 454 chars
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Follow Xiao Li as he copes with the effects of forest fires near his home in the US and reflects on environmental changes. A thoughtful story for HSK 4 learners.

  • 小李站在窗户旁边,能看见远处的天 都 变成黄色的了。

  • 小李想,要是天气还这么热,还不下雨,整个森林 都 要烧没了。

《友好的高友朋》 (A Friendly New Friend at Work) HSK 2
~4 min read 243 chars
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Meet Gao Youpeng, a friendly Beijing coworker who welcomes the narrator with local dishes and a simple language-exchange plan. This warm HSK 2 story is perfect for first readings about work and friendship.

  • 我教他英文,他教我中文,每天学几个词,很快,我们的英语和汉语 都 能好很多。

《七号桌的客人》 (The Guest at Table Seven) HSK 1
~5 min read 396 chars
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This heartwarming story reveals the quiet devotion of a father. As you read, notice the repeated actions and how a simple cup of tea becomes meaningful.

  • 天天晚上八点, 都 有一个老先生来。

  • 老先生天天 都 坐在七号桌子前。

《热面条》 (Hot Noodles on a Cold Night) HSK 1
~5 min read 399 chars
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Follow Dazhong, a busy worker in China, as he finds warmth and kindness at a small noodle shop. Practice everyday words for food, weather, and expressing gratitude.

  • 他工作很忙,天天回家 都 很晚。

  • 老先生天天 都 给大中做热面条。

《饥饿的深意》 (The Hidden Meaning of Hunger) HSK 7
~11 min read 1243 chars
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Why would a millionaire leave a table of lobster and wagyu untouched? This story explores the hidden rules of business dining and the true cost of staying alert.

  • 旁边的人 都 在给他敬酒,他每次 都 端起来酒杯,嘴唇沾沾杯沿就放下。

  • 可他一开口,整桌人 都 停下来听。

《你误会方便面了吗?》 (Are Instant Noodles Misunderstood?) HSK 6
~10 min read 1171 chars
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Think instant noodles are unhealthy? This HSK 6 article challenges common myths and reveals surprising facts about nutrition, oil, and salt in this convenient food.

  • 近年来,中国关于方便面的各种说法几乎全部 都 是“方便面是一种不健康的食物,是垃圾食物”。

  • 对方便面,很多人 都 有各种各样的消极的印象,比如没有营养、有毒,油、盐含量高等等。

《这还是茶馆儿吗?》 (Teahouse or Cinema?) HSK 3
~3 min read 325 chars
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Ever wondered where old Beijing's tea-drinking culture has gone? Follow a visitor discovering why locals now avoid famous tea houses—and practice expressing surprise and comparisons in Chinese along the way.

  • 现在去那儿的 都 是外地的,很少老北京。

《慢还是快?》 (Slow or Fast? A Language Learner's Debate) HSK 2
~8 min read 593 chars
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Is four years to reach HSK 5 fast or slow? Follow a conversation between two learners as they compare study hours and share realistic strategies for busy adults.

  • 汉语是“说汉语”,也可以“听汉语”;但是中文是“读中文”,中文和汉字 都 是眼睛在看。

  • B:我们说话的时候,只说“汉语”就可以了,就是说“中文老师、汉语老师” 都 可以。

《找“大白”》 (Looking for Big White) HSK 1
~5 min read 361 chars
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A young man helps an old man look for his cat. But the real surprise is why the old man wanted to find the cat. Read on to learn about kindness and friendship.

  • 老先生对白天明说:“我八十岁了,儿子和女儿 都 在北京工作,我一个人住在这里。

  • 天天在家里,很多天 都 没有人和我说话。

《我的家人(1)》 (My Family Members) HSK 1
~2 min read 116 chars
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Before you read, meet the grandparents! This rhyming chant helps you practice the different names for maternal and paternal grandparents in Chinese. Listen to the beat and repeat.

  • 爷爷和奶奶,姥爷和姥姥,他们 都 爱我,我也爱他们。

《三号病房的苹果》 (The Apple in Ward Three) HSK 1
~3 min read 191 chars
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Enjoy this simple story about a patient and a mysterious apple. It shows how a small act of kindness can make someone feel at home, and you'll learn key words for feelings and daily life.

  • 天天下午,桌子上 都 会多出一个很大的苹果。

  • 家人 都 不在,要多吃水果。”

《苹果十九》 (Waiting for iPhone 19) HSK 1
~2 min read 99 chars
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Read this short story about people waiting in the rain for a new phone. You will practice numbers, time, and everyday vocabulary.

  • 下雨了,大家 都 没有回去。

  • 明天苹果十九出来了,大家 都 想做第一个买到苹果十九的人。

《哪里哪里!》 (Where is 'Where'?) HSK 1
~6 min read 432 chars
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Chat about where friends study Chinese while exploring 哪儿 and 哪里 across Beijing and Shanghai. Practice asking “where”, talking about “here” and “there”, and using the modest reply 哪里哪里 to accept a compliment.

  • 上海的大学生,“哪里”、“哪儿” 都 说。

《吃的东西和喝的东西》 (Buying Food and Drinks) HSK 1
~4 min read 305 chars
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This is a short dialogue about a shopping trip. A woman buys many things, including food, drinks, furniture, and pet food, while her boyfriend reminds her not to overspend.

  • 我买了鸡蛋、面包、牛奶,还有一些水果,这些 都 是你和我的吃的和喝的东西,还有给我们的小猫和小狗吃的东西。

  • 我 都 买了。”

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