先 xiān

先 is a foot (止) planted on top of a person (儿) — the foot steps out ahead, the body follows.

Old writers drew a person with a foot sticking out in front of them. The foot leads, so the whole person ends up ahead of everyone else. That one picture gives 先 its two jobs today: 'ahead / first,' and 'before something else happens.'

止 foot (the old drawing of a footprint) 儿 person (the old form of 人, squeezed in at the bottom)

Common Usage & Traps

  • 先走 (xiān zǒu) — leave first / go on ahead
  • 先吃 (xiān chī) — eat first
  • 你先来 (nǐ xiān lái) — you go first
  • 先看 (xiān kàn) — take a look first
  • 先生 (xiānsheng) — Mr. / sir / husband
  • 先我走。 我先走。

    先 sits after whoever is doing the action, never in front of them. Subject, then 先, then the verb.

  • 我先昨天去了学校。 我昨天先去了学校。

    Time words like 昨天 come before 先. The day sets the scene; 先 only sorts the actions inside it.

Can I start a sentence with 先 to mean 'First of all'?

No. 先 can't carry 'First of all' — that job belongs to 首先.

先 is about order, not about opening a speech: it says A happens before B. Chinese puts it right before the verb, so 我先吃饭 means 'I'll eat first.' When you want the English 'First of all...' that tops a list, the word is 首先. So 首先,我要感谢大家。lands fine, while 先,我要感谢大家。sounds like a broken order shouted at nobody. One exception: drop the subject and 先 can lead — 先吃饭吧 and 先走了 are everyday, natural Chinese.
DimensionNaturalAvoid
Ordering two actions我先吃饭。先我吃饭。
'First of all' opener首先,我要感谢大家。先,我要感谢大家。

Do I always need 然后 after 先?

No — but if you're listing steps, 先 begs for a second half.

先 alone says 'this comes before something else,' and the something else is often obvious. 我先吃饭。is a complete, natural sentence: I'll eat first. The trouble starts when you're laying out a two-step plan and stop halfway. 我先吃饭,然后看书。is what listeners expect; ending at 我先吃饭 leaves them waiting for the other shoe. 再 does the same job as 然后: 我先吃饭再看书。
DimensionNaturalAvoid
One action, done first我先吃饭。我先吃饭然后。
Two steps, 先 used once我先吃饭,然后看书。我先吃饭,然后先看书。

Why does 先生 mean 'Mr.' if 先 means 'ahead'?

先生 first meant 'born earlier' — elders and teachers, later every man.

Long ago 先生 pointed at people born before you: elders, teachers, masters. Anyone with a head start on life. Centuries of polite use wore it down into the standard title for any man, so 王先生 is just 'Mr. Wang.' In everyday speech, 我先生 means 'my husband,' and nobody hears the word 'first' in it. So 先 here is about seniority and respect, not about doing things in order.
UseExampleMeaning
Title for a man王先生,你好。Hello, Mr. Wang.
Talking about your husband我先生今天在家。My husband is home today.
Old meaning先生teacher / master

Someone ends a chat with 先这样吧 — what is 先 doing there?

It means 'let's leave it here for now' — 先 is buying time.

Besides ordering steps, 先 can park something: it says 'for the time being, until things change.' 先这样吧 is the friendly way to close a topic or a meeting. The same soft 'for now' turns up in 先不去了 (let's not go, at least for now) and 先放这儿吧 (just leave it here for now). Nothing is first here — the speaker is simply not committing yet.
DimensionNaturalAvoid
Parking a decision先不去了,下周再说。不去了,先下周再说。
Closing a topic先这样吧,明天再聊。这样先吧,明天再聊。

Appears in Stories 9 stories

《五块钱》 The Five-Yuan Gift
HSK 1 ~6 min read 414 chars
Read story →

This heartwarming story shows how a small act of kindness can be passed on. Follow Gao Xianming as he learns an important lesson about generosity in his new city.

  • 高先明 第一天来中国。

  • 高先明 去坐车。

  • 坐车要九块钱, 高先明 手里有四块钱,少五块钱。

  • 高先明 的手机里也没有钱。

  • 高先明 不能上车,很不高兴。

  • 前边有一个卖水果的 老先生 。

  • 老先生 看见 高先明 ,知道他不是中国学生。

  • 老先生 来到 高先明 前边,给 高先明 五块钱。

  • 老先生 对 高先明 说:“去上学吧,上车。”

  • 高先明 对 老先生 说:“谢谢您!

  • 老先生 说:“不要给我。”

  • 一个月后, 高先明 来这里坐车。

  • 高先明 看见了 老先生 ,给 老先生 五块钱。

  • 高先明 说:“ 老先生 ,谢谢您那天的五块钱。”

  • 老先生 对 高先明 说:“我说不要给我。

  • 高先明 听了,觉得非常高兴。

  • 很多天后的一天早上, 高先明 来这里坐车。

  • 高先明 看见一个中国同学安小语,也是手里少五块钱,不能上车。

  • 高先明 去前边,给安小语五块钱。

  • 高先明 对安小语说:“去上学吧,上车。”

  • 安小语非常高兴,对 高先明 说:“谢谢你!

  • 高先明 对她说:“不要给我。

《七号桌的客人》 The Guest at Table Seven
HSK 1 ~5 min read 396 chars
Read story →

This heartwarming story reveals the quiet devotion of a father. As you read, notice the repeated actions and how a simple cup of tea becomes meaningful.

  • 天天晚上八点,都有一个 老先生 来。

  • 老先生 天天都坐在七号桌子前。

  • 老先生 天天来,买一杯热茶。

  • 老先生 不喝茶,也不吃东西。

  • 茶不热了, 老先生 回家。

  • 大中想:“ 老先生 天天来,茶不热了也不喝,他天天在看什么呢?”

  • 大中问:“ 老先生 ,您天天坐在这儿看外边,您在看什么呢?”

  • 老先生 看看大中,对大中说:“五年前,我儿子也在这家饭店工作。

  • 大中听了,看那杯不热的茶,觉得 老先生 很好。

  • 第二天晚上八点, 老先生 来了。

  • 大中很高兴,做了一杯热茶,给 老先生 喝。

  • 他对 老先生 说:“ 老先生 ,您来了!

  • 老先生 看看大中,非常高兴。

  • 老先生 坐在七号桌子前,喝了第一口热茶。

《热面条》 Hot Noodles on a Cold Night
HSK 1 ~5 min read 399 chars
Read story →

Follow Dazhong, a busy worker in China, as he finds warmth and kindness at a small noodle shop. Practice everyday words for food, weather, and expressing gratitude.

  • 饭店里有一个 老先生 。

  • 老先生 天天都给大中做热面条。

  • 大中吃好面条,都对 老先生 说:“谢谢您,面条很好吃。”

  • 老先生 很高兴,对大中说:“不客气,多吃一点儿。”

  • 大中到饭店前,看见 老先生 一个人坐在桌子前,在看外边。

  • 老先生 看见大中来了,非常高兴。

  • 老先生 对大中说:“你来了!

  • 老先生 给大中做好了热面条。

  • 大中问 老先生 :“ 老先生 ,十点多了,您怎么还没回家?”

  • 老先生 对大中说:“我知道你天天晚上都来。

《找“大白”》 Looking for Big White
HSK 1 ~5 min read 361 chars
Read story →

A young man helps an old man look for his cat. But the real surprise is why the old man wanted to find the cat. Read on to learn about kindness and friendship.

  • 一天下午,白天明去三号房间看 老先生 。

  • 白天明看见 老先生的 家里,有一只很大很白的大猫。

  • 白天明问:“ 老先生 ,您家里有大白猫,您怎么还要找大白猫呢?”

  • 老先生 对白天明说:“我八十岁了,儿子和女儿都在北京工作,我一个人住在这里。

  • 我写了找猫的话,天天有人打电话问我‘ 老先生 ,猫找到了吗’。

  • 白天明听了,坐在 老先生 前边。

  • 白天明对 老先生 说:“ 老先生 ,我天天都来这里和您说话。

  • 老先生 听了,非常高兴。

《三号病房的苹果》 The Apple in Ward Three
HSK 1 ~3 min read 191 chars
Read story →

Enjoy this simple story about a patient and a mysterious apple. It shows how a small act of kindness can make someone feel at home, and you'll learn key words for feelings and daily life.

  • 是二号房间的 老先生 给你的。

  • 老先生 说,你一个人在中国。

  • 马家友去二号房间找 老先生 。

  • 老先生 回家了,不在病房。

  • 桌子上有 老先生 写的字:“我的朋友,你天天都好!”

《一家人》 A Family of Six: Little Bao and His Green-Eyed Kids
HSK 2 ~4 min read 256 chars
Read story →

This simple HSK 2 story introduces a warm family of six. Follow Little Bao and his British wife as they raise their two green-eyed children, each with their own personality.

  • 包先生 人很好。

  • “ 小包先生 ”的家有六口人,他的爸妈、儿子、女儿和他们两口子。

《医生问问题》 Doctor Asks Questions
HSK 1 ~1 min read 60 chars
Read story →

Before you read: this is a short rhyming poem. You will meet a doctor who asks about seeing and hearing. Try to spot words you already know!

  • 女士和男士,男生和女生, 先生 和学生。

《饥饿的深意》 The Hidden Meaning of Hunger
HSK 7 ~11 min read 1243 chars
Read story →

Why would a millionaire leave a table of lobster and wagyu untouched? This story explores the hidden rules of business dining and the true cost of staying alert.

  • 他让我 先 上车,坐司机后边。

《谢谢您请》 The Day 'Please' Stayed Home
HSK 1 ~2 min read 132 chars
Read story →

Everyday greetings are a gateway to natural Chinese. Practice time-based hellos like “早上好” and “晚安,” learn to address teachers with the respectful “您,” and see how families skip formalities to speak warmly at home.

  • 先生 、女士也说“您”。

Questions & Discussion 0 questions

Logged in as: ()

No questions or discussions yet. Have a question about this character/word? Be the first to ask!